Which of the following types of damages in civil lawsuits is considered nominal?

Nominal damages are recognized as a legal remedy in civil lawsuits, typically awarded when a legal right has been violated, but there is no substantial loss or injury to compensate for. The purpose of nominal damages is to acknowledge that a plaintiff's rights have been infringed upon, even if they cannot prove quantifiable harm.

In this context, emotional pain and suffering generally refers to a type of damage that can be awarded large sums depending on the severity of the emotional distress caused by the defendant’s actions. However, this is classified under general damages rather than nominal damages. General damages encompass a broader category, including non-economic losses such as emotional pain and suffering, which are typically viewed as substantive, not nominal.

Nominal damages are often a small sum, such as one dollar, that signifies the court's recognition of the legal violation without implying that the plaintiff has experienced actual losses that necessitate compensation. Thus, identifying emotional pain and suffering as nominal is incorrect since it pertains to significant damages rather than the recognition of a violation without substantial loss.